The European Scientific e-Journal (ESEJ) is an international scientific journal. The ESEJ is a part of the Tuculart Holding and is operated by the European Institute for Innovation Development in Czech Republic. The ESEJ is supervised and controlled by The Scientific Council of the European Institute for Innovation Development, headed by Professor Maksim (Maxim) Bakhtin and Dr. Alexander Buychik, Holding Director for Sciences, supervises the ESEJ. The publishing works are made by Tuculart Edition, including in the Tuculart Holding. The articles published in the ESEJ are included in ICI Copernicus, BASE, DOAJ, Zenodo, OpenAIRE, Academic Resource Index "ResearchBib", International Scientific Indexing, J-Gate, etc.
European Institute for Innovation Development
The European Scientific e-Journal (ESEJ) is an open access journal. Articles are available free of charge as PDF files on the website of the European Institute for Innovation Development. PDF files can be previewed with Acrobat Reader from www.adobe.com. All articles of the “Tuculart Student Scientific” are published under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Generic (CC BY 4.0) International license. According to the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Generic (CC BY 4.0) International license, the users are free to Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially (the licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms). Under the following terms: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Electromyographic Signal as Feedback for Pelvic Floor Muscle Rehabilitation and Training
In the present world, most people are engaged in routine office work. This factor contributes to high inactivity in the musculoskeletal system and the body. Disorders of the muscular structure and pelvic ligaments may also be caused by dyssynergic defecation, surgical intervention, degenerative disease, pregnancy and childbirth in women, muscle relaxants, narcotics, and similar factors. Therefore, developing physiotherapy methods and a fitness training plan is a highly relevant task today. The novelty of this research lies in developing a new approach to rehabilitating and training pelvic floor muscles using the electromyographic signal as biofeedback. The study object is the rehabilitation and training of pelvic floor muscles. The study subject is the method of rehabilitation and training of pelvic floor muscles using the EMG signal. The study aims to develop a physiotherapy method and a fitness training plan. The author applied general scientific methods such as analysis, experimentation, observation, and classification to achieve the purpose and address the study objectives. The study draws upon the works of foreign and Russian researchers in rehabilitation and physiotherapy of the pelvic floor muscles, processing and classification of electromyographic signals, and the evaluation and analysis of muscular activity. Within the framework of this study, a method of pelvic floor muscle training using biofeedback was proposed. The article presents the method of pelvic floor muscle training with biofeedback, illustrating what an EMG signal looks like and describing exercises based on electromyography. A 10-day training plan is provided. The method of assessing the patient’s condition before and after the training is also described. The author concludes that the proposed method contributes to a positive change in the shape of the EMG signal. The paper presents EMG signals recorded before and after training, clearly showing significant changes in the shape and stability of muscle activity levels.
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Features of Applying the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) in Business Modelling, Strategic Planning, and Strategic Management
Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) is one of the most powerful tools for measuring customer satisfaction. The relevance of the study aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of this instrument is beyond question. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the discussion of the specific features of developing and applying the CSI in business modelling, strategic planning, and strategic management. The study’s object is the phenomenon of monitoring and managing customer loyalty within an organisation, along with the associated strategic issues. The study’s subject is the development and application of the CSI in strategic operations. The study is based on managerial, consulting, and educational projects of the EMAS Business School, as well as on academic articles by other authors. The study explores methodological aspects of the development and application of the CSI, its areas of use, and the limitations of its application in business modelling, strategic planning, and strategic management. The findings highlight the importance of strictly adhering to methodological requirements in the development and implementation of this tool, as well as the value of utilising its potential not only for measuring customer satisfaction but also across other strategic domains.
The article deals with the problem of human security in terms of immersion in a digital environment. At the same time, security is considered as protection from internal and external threats. The question is raised about the need to develop an integrated security concept. It is noted that the process of digitalization of the social world is becoming total, new concepts are emerging to describe its conditions. The characteristics of the digital environment and the digital world are given, and the existence of a person in the digital world is described. It is stated that the most important indicator of a person’s existence in such a world is his sensuality. The role of impressions in human life and society is increasing dramatically, an industry for the production of impressions and trade in them is developing in the world, which affects the decrease in the stability of society. The article reveals the main directions of transformation of human nature and manipulation in modern conditions. Discussing the ways of forming and strengthening mental immunity, the idea of which is expressed in the scientific literature, the authors, nevertheless, argue that we should be talking about social immunity, a private modification of which is mental immunity. It is noted that in the development of the concept of integral security, which is so necessary for modern Russia, a decisive role belongs to philosophy, which formulates ideological and methodological principles of security.
Meaning, Relation, Identity and Generality in the Tractarian
In this article, the author examines the theory of representation (representationalism) in Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, considering it as a means of access to the Tractarian architectonics. The researcher focuses on the introduction of a new formalism specific to Wittgenstein, designed to establish conceptual writing on different foundations than those of Frege–Russell, to avoid inherent paradoxes and to eliminate the cumbersome techniques used to counter them. In this regard, the author analyzes and interpret Wittgenstein’s new formalism for eliminating metalanguage and the theory of types, comparing Frege’s theory of sense and reference with Wittgenstein’s proposal, which separates meaning from the way an object appears and distinguishes between syntax and semantics—a critique that also applies to Russell. Wittgenstein’s approach to “cutting through” these issues is to assert that the propositional sign cannot state or show anything about itself. By following the logicality of the image and the concrete way it is constituted, Wittgenstein constructs his formalism of general forms concerning relations, operations, propositions, and logical functions. Through this framework, he defines, in a logicist manner, the concept of the general form of a proposition, logical operations, and natural numbers. All these are intensional forms, obtained by highlighting their internal structures. In this way, the Austrian philosopher exposes an entire series of metaphysical expressions associated with foundational theories of numbers, constructions, and calculative conventions, as well as with the logicist foundations of mathematics (set, function, number, conventional signs). It becomes evident that mathematics and logic share the same internal structures, and logical discoveries are reflected at the level of mathematical language. As part of this process, Wittgenstein eliminates the concept of identity as expressed by the equality sign, replaces the universal quantifier with the existential one (using negation and an additional variable), and introduces his own formal notation. Through these modifications, he attempts to eliminate the “pseudopropositions” that undermine the logicist edifice of mathematics. This article also examines how Wittgenstein reformulates Russell’s concept of relation from Principia Mathematica, assimilating it into an empirical framework. In this case, Wittgenstein reduces the symbolism of relations to states of affairs, with the direction being from objects to relations rather than vice versa. The author emphasizes that Wittgenstein equates relations with the concept of logical operations, thereby ensuring the necessary generality and reconstructing the general form of the concept aRb. The author synthesizes the general forms presented in the Tractatus: relation, proposition, series of forms, natural number, and the derivation of one term from another based on the internal relation of a series of forms. The central aim of this study is a comparative reconstruction of how Wittgenstein proposes replacement theories for the formalisms of Frege and Russell/Whitehead, as well as a new reading of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus from the perspective of the theory of meaning and general forms, with a focus on the sentences contained in sections 5.53–5.54.
General Characteristics of Property Protection
The right to property is one of the fundamental subjective rights in modern legal systems, playing a key role in ensuring economic stability and social order. In the context of dynamic social, economic, and technological changes, increasing questions are being raised regarding the law and the protection of this right, the answers to which require careful analysis and adaptation of existing legal mechanisms. This article examines the protection of the right to property as a fundamental principle of the rule of law. It explores the general characteristics and diverse mechanisms for safeguarding property rights, including civil, administrative, and criminal legal protections. The study aims to identify and classify the primary methods of protection, analysing the normative framework, judicial practice, and legal scholarship, with particular emphasis on the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Bulgaria. The study demonstrates that property protection constitutes a dynamic legal domain, continuously adapting to socio-economic transformations that inherently impact the substantive right to ownership. In the contemporary context, the need for further legislative measures and refinement of protective mechanisms remains critically relevant. The author concludes that property protection is a dynamic legal figure whose effectiveness depends on the ability of the legislator and law enforcement bodies to integrate traditional principles into new realities, ensuring both the stability of legal relationships and compliance with international human rights standards.
Problems of Cultivating Ideological Security in the Educational Environment
In the 21st century the forgotten word combination ideological security has received a new impetus, it turned out that by creating, through modern technologies, a certain information field it is possible to perform any political decisions and change the mental attitude of the population. Accordingly, the issues of this nature have become particularly relevant in the national states. The security of the state is largely related to the creation of national ideology, which is formed in the minds of young people. The study aims to explore effective methods and approaches to creating ideological security in educational institutions, objectives, teach critical and logical thinking techniques, as well as understand what an ideologically safe environment means. The main objective of the study is to study effective approaches in teaching ideological security in educational institutions. Methodological approaches and methods are the poly-subject approach provided a deep understanding of the student as a multifaceted personality, which is most fully manifested in communication with others. The authors used thematic triangulation of data, followed by comparative analysis, as well as methods of descriptive statistics. A participatory approach to teaching ideological security to youth audiences was utilized. Surveys, questionnaires, interviews were used as research tools that helped to create a verifiable picture. In the results authors present created teacher-student parity increase the chances of creating a safe space, interactive discourse method reduces susceptibility to ideological extremism. In conclusion, this paper makes a practical contribution to the understanding of ideological security in the classroom by proposing a transformational paradigm of social consciousness within secondary and higher education.
Bioethics as a Responsible Attitude to the Technical Development of Medicine
The rapid growth of technology in the natural sciences in the 21st century has brought to the forefront of humanity questions about the moral character of scientific achievements: in genetic modification of all living things, cloning, ethical issues of voluntary death, donation, environmental ethics, and so on. The study subject is aspects of responsible behavior in bioethics (moral and ethical standards) related to medical practices and environmental issues. The study object is bioethics, principles and their application in various spheres. The study aims to analyze foreign literature in the context of the problems of bioethics as a responsible attitude not only to medicine, but also to ecology, as a new standard for the development of moral and ethical standards appropriate to the time. The study used methods of content and comparative analysis of foreign publications in the background of bioethical issues. In the study, the authors considered many works, but mainly relied on the work of M.N. Dudin “Transgenic organisms (GMOs) in agriculture,” which highlighted the problem of the need to develop scientific knowledge based on morality in solving many vital problems. The second paper that served as the primary source for the analysis was an article on the first authorized clinical trial of gene therapy in U.S. history, which was conducted on September 14, 1990 at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under the direction of William Anderson. Main results of the study: Because of theoretical analysis of the works—GMO-plants can solve the problems of food security; gene therapy helps to successfully combat genetic diseases, but what will be the consequences of various types of interventions in nature, it is difficult to predict. The authors conclude that the introduction of a new bioethical paradigm is a matter of survival for all humankind. However, the practical application of bioethical norms is hampered by the fact that effective measures of responsibility and inevitable punishment for non-compliance with the principles of bioethics have not yet been developed.
Subject of social memory and the transmission of historicity
In the context of the fragmentation of historical perception and the deformation of subjectivity, issues concerning the integrity of historical experience, the transmission of collective identity, and the prognostic functions of historical imagination become particularly relevant. The study subject is the semantic, categorical, and functional aspects of the imaginary as an epistemological phenomenon within historical knowledge, its connection to social memory, subjectivity, and the dialogical structure of the historical process. The study object is the epistemology of history as a distinct field of philosophical inquiry, within which interrelations between historical imagination, social forms of memory, symbolic structures of culture, and the subject of historical action are explored. The study aims to analyse and provide a philosophical and epistemological justification for the role of the imaginary and social memory in shaping a coherent historical consciousness and in the reproduction of historical subjectivity. To achieve the aim and address the set objectives, the study employs a range of scholarly methods, including the hermeneutic method, phenomenological analysis, the epistemological approach, cultural-historical analysis, the comparative-historical method, and the method of critical reflection. The study draws on the works of European, American, and Russian scholars in philosophy. The author examines the interrelations between epistemological discourse and historical subjectivity, identifies the place and role of social memory in this process, and demonstrates that social memory serves as a means of forming the social organism and educational processes. An attempt is made to comprehend the unity of the past, present, and future within a unifying concept of the logical and procedural organisation of history.
A System of Indicators for Monitoring Sustainable Tourism Development of Tourism Destinations
Tourism is influenced by a wide range of factors and have an impact on sustainable development of a destination. The indicators for sustainable tourism development have been used to assess the impact of tourism on economic, social, and ecological aspects of a destination. The study aims to develop a scientifically based and practically applicable system of indicators for monitoring the sustainable tourism development of destinations. To achieve the purpose, an identification and critical review of scientific literary sources has been performed. Publications, which present systems of indicators for monitoring sustainable tourism development have been selected. Requirements for the selection of the indicators have been specified. Specific criteria have been formulated, on which basis exemplary socio-economic and environmental indicators have been classified in groups. Thus, a system of indicators for monitoring sustainable tourism have been developed. The socio-economic indicators for sustainable tourism development of destinations are related to tourism supply and demand, revenues and costs. The environmental sustainability indicators are related to the types of and impacts on natural resources.
The Application of Digital Graphics Software in Cultural Heritage Restoration: Documentation, Reconstruction, and Visualisation
The preservation, documentation, and restoration of cultural heritage present one of the most significant challenges in contemporary scholarship, a field that integrates archaeology, history, architecture, and digital technologies. As tangible and intangible heritage remains under threat from a multitude of factors, including natural degradation, armed conflict, climate change, and urban development, the development of innovative tools for documentation and reconstruction has become a critical necessity. Within this context, digital graphics software has emerged as a cornerstone of modern cultural heritage research, providing professionals with new methods for recording, visualising, and reconstructing artefacts and monuments with an unprecedented degree of precision and accessibility. The distinction between 2D and 3D graphics applications is central to this field, with both types of software serving indispensable functions in heritage preservation. The subject of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics, advantages, and applications of key 2D and 3D graphics programmes within the context of cultural heritage restoration. The object of the study is the broad range of cultural heritage assets, including artefacts, monuments, and historical structures, as well as the digital tools used to preserve them. The study aims to explore the role of digital graphics software in advancing non-invasive recording, precise reconstruction, and effective knowledge dissemination in cultural heritage restoration. The study demonstrates that digital graphics software is a fundamental tool for documentation, reconstruction, and visualisation in cultural heritage restoration. By analysing a range of 2D and 3D platforms, this paper has highlighted their capacity to facilitate precise and non-invasive methods of recording and preservation. The transition to digital workflows not only enhances the accuracy of documentation but also democratises access to historical objects, allowing for their study and appreciation by a wider audience, including the general public and international researchers. The creation of detailed 3D models from laser scans and photogrammetry, in particular, offers a powerful means of digitally restoring structures and artefacts that are damaged or no longer exist. This capability is vital for cultural preservation, as it safeguards historical data against future loss and provides new avenues for scholarly inquiry. The authors conclude that the application of digital graphics software represents a paradigm shift in cultural heritage restoration. It allows us to move beyond passive documentation to an active, dynamic form of preservation that is both scientifically robust and widely accessible. The digital revolution offers a powerful and sustainable means of ensuring that the narratives and material evidence of our shared past endure for future generations, serving as an irreplaceable resource for education, research, and cultural appreciation.
Comparative Analysis of the Implementation of Information Technologies in Higher Education Institutions of the Czech Republic and Ukraine
This article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of informatization of education as a key factor in improving the effectiveness of the educational process in higher education. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the comprehensive comparative analysis of the implementation of information technologies in higher education institutions of the Czech Republic and Ukraine. The article reveals new aspects of digital transformation in education by comparing institutional, infrastructural, and pedagogical approaches in two European countries with different socio-economic contexts. The originality also consists in identifying three interrelated levels of informatization — physical, logical, and applied — and establishing their influence on the quality of the educational process and digital competence formation. The object of the study is the process of informatizing higher education. The subject of the study is the methods, mechanisms, and results of implementing information technologies in universities of the Czech Republic and Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to determine the role and effectiveness of information technologies in enhancing the quality of higher education, as well as to identify similarities and differences in their implementation within Czech and Ukrainian educational systems. The author concludes that informatization is a strategic direction for educational development, ensuring the formation of a digital culture, enhancing the competence of teachers and students, and integrating them into the global information space.
Modern Educational Trends in Agricultural Engineering: The Experience of the Czech Republic
The article provides a comprehensive analysis of current educational trends in training engineering specialists for agricultural machinery, using the Czech Republic as a case study. The object of the research is the system of higher technical education in agro-engineering in the Czech Republic, which covers areas such as mechanization, digital technologies, dual education, and industry partnerships. The aim of the study is to identify innovative educational approaches, quantitatively assess their effectiveness, and develop recommendations for possible adaptation in Ukraine. The methodological framework includes a comparative analysis of educational programs of leading Czech and Ukrainian universities, content analysis of scientific and reporting materials, statistical data processing (in particular, student and graduate numbers, salary levels), as well as expert evaluation of transfer prospects. The research draws on the work of Czech educators and international experts in engineering education. The results demonstrated that in the Czech Republic digital laboratories and simulation complexes are actively operating, dual education programs are being implemented, international mobility is widely supported, and close integration with industrial partners is ensured. Quantitative indicators are presented to illustrate the scale and effectiveness of these practices: Mendel University enrolls about 9,665 students in total, the average annual salary of an agro-engineer in the Czech Republic is approximately CZK 879,000, and the Agricultural Engineering program at the Czech University of Life Sciences is characterized by a clear practice-oriented structure. It is concluded that the Czech experience can serve as a valuable reference point for the modernization of Ukraine’s system of agro-engineering education in the context of European integration.
Investigation of the Operation of the Electromechanical System of an Autonomous Photovoltaic Pumping Station
The article analyzes the structure and operation of a photovoltaic pumping station. The key components of the system, such as solar panels, electronic controllers, electromechanical pumps, and energy storage, were studied. In particular, various methods of maximising energy output from solar panels and optimising the efficiency of pumping systems were investigated. The results of the study showed that the efficient operation of a photovoltaic pumping station depends on the precise balancing of electromechanical components, optimal use of solar energy, and efficient management of electronic systems. Recommendations for improving the efficiency and reliability of the system have been put forward. In the course of the study, it was established that one of the key factors for the effective operation of a photovoltaic pumping station is the proper selection of solar panel type and the optimisation of their placement to ensure maximum solar energy conversion. The issue of storing surplus energy was also analysed to maintain stable system performance during periods of reduced solar activity. In addition, the research involved modelling and experimental studies of various operating modes of the pumping station, including changes in load and fluctuations in solar radiation. This made it possible to obtain valuable results regarding the dynamic characteristics of the system and its compliance with the specified technical parameters. An important part of the study was the evaluation of the efficiency and economic feasibility of using a photovoltaic pumping station compared to traditional energy sources for water supply. It was demonstrated that in certain cases the use of solar energy may be not only more environmentally friendly, but also economically advantageous. Overall, the results of this work have significant practical value for developing sustainable energy and the broader application of renewable energy sources. The study of an autonomous photovoltaic pumping station contributes to a deeper understanding of the technological, economic, and environmental aspects of such systems. In conclusion, this scientific work provides greater insight into the principles of operation of autonomous photovoltaic pumping systems and can serve as a basis for further research in renewable energy.
Implementation of Innovations in Technologies and Engineering: European Approaches and Opportunities for Ukraine (Case of the Czech Republic)
The article is devoted to the analysis of European approaches to implementing innovations in technologies and engineering, as well as to outlining the opportunities for their integration in Ukraine using the case of the Czech Republic. It is shown that modern engineering education and the agro-industrial sector are undergoing rapid transformations, where digitalization, environmental responsibility, and sustainable development become the key determinants of competitiveness. The European Green Deal and the Farm to Fork Strategy set clear requirements for energy efficiency, emission reduction, supply chain transparency, and the use of «smart» monitoring and management technologies. The study generalizes the Czech experience, where the combination of university training, short industrial R&D sprints, and joint laboratories with businesses ensures rapid knowledge transfer and high employability of graduates. The research methodology is based on comparative analysis of EU and Ukrainian policies and regulatory acts, the use of design thinking for structuring competencies, a logical-structural approach to shaping learning outcomes, and case analysis of university-business partnerships. The article proposes the architecture of an integrated dual model “university—R&D center—production” covering academic, research, and industrial blocks with clear quality indicators. An implementation roadmap (12–18 months) is presented, which includes resource auditing, redesign of educational programs aligned with EQF/NQF, establishment of joint laboratories, international partnerships, and integration of English-taught modules. It is demonstrated that Ukraine’s regulatory framework (EQF/NQF, licensing conditions, Laws «On Education» «On Higher Education» “On Innovation Activity” and the EU–Ukraine Association Agreement) provides the necessary foundation for scaling European practices. The conclusion emphasizes that the key success factors are the modernization of educational programs, continuous dialogue with business, internationalization, and the formation of a culture of measurable outcomes, which will enable the training of a «new wave» of engineers capable of addressing contemporary challenges.
Using the Czech Experience of Innovations in Mechanical Engineering and Energy Saving to Train Engineering Personnel in the Agricultural Sector
The article provides a thorough analysis of the experience of the Czech Republic in innovative development of Mechanical Engineering and energy saving, considering the needs of modern agricultural engineering. The key directions of modernisation of technical means for agriculture are considered in detail, in particular the use of digital platforms for monitoring production processes, the introduction of automated and robotic systems in animal husbandry and crop production, as well as the integration of precision farming technologies. The importance of the transition of the Czech agricultural sector to the concept of “smart” production, combining machine-building innovations, digital tools and energy-efficient solutions, was noted. Special attention is paid to the state policy of the Czech Republic on energy saving and improving energy efficiency in industry and the agricultural sector. The author analyses measures for developing renewable energy, in particular the use of biogas plants, solar panels and wind farms, as well as the introduction of energy management systems that provide comprehensive control and rational use of energy resources. The article highlights the experience of integrating energy-saving technologies into the production processes of machine-building enterprises that produce equipment for agricultural needs. The article substantiates the prospects for adapting the Czech experience in Ukraine, in particular in the process of training engineering personnel for the agricultural sector. The necessity of modernizing educational programs that should focus on developing competencies in digitalization, automation and energy saving is emphasised. It focuses on the importance of international internships, participation of students and teachers in research projects, as well as the development of inter-university cooperation between Ukraine and the Czech Republic. It is noted that it is the exchange of experience and the implementation of European educational standards that can provide training for competitive specialists who can effectively apply innovative technologies in the context of sustainable development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine.
Emotionally Adaptive UX Interfaces: A Scenario-Based Framework for Real-Time Personalization
The increasing complexity of user needs and digital contexts necessitates the development of adaptive user interfaces capable of emotional responsiveness. Traditional emotional personalization methods, reliant on biometric data, often prove costly, intrusive, or impractical for early prototypes and large-scale deployments, raising privacy concerns. This paper addresses these limitations by introducing a novel conceptual scenario-based behavioral framework for emotionally adaptive web UX. The object of the study is to explore how user interfaces can dynamically adjust to a user’s affective state using only observable behavioral indicators, without physiological sensors. The study aims to demonstrate that cues like navigation style, input pacing, or reaction latency can inform UX modifications aligning with emotional states, offering a scalable and ethically sustainable alternative or complement to biometric solutions. The methodology involved developing three synthetic user personas (stressed, bored, focused) based on Plutchik’s Wheel of Emotions and validated behavioral attributes. Interface mockups were designed in Figma, focusing on adaptive UX fragments. A structured heuristic evaluation, using a 5-point Likert scale and seven key metrics (e.g., perceived emotional fit, cognitive effort, mental model resonance) aligned with ISO 9241–210:2019 and ISO/IEC 25010:2023, assessed the framework. This work integrates insights from key researchers: Zeng et al. and Chen & Li on emotional congruence; Nielsen, Sarodnick & Brau on heuristic evaluation; Huang & Singh on emotional fit; Gentner & Stevens on mental models; and Liu & Wei and Khan & Shukla on emotion-aware computing. Results show that Hypothesis H1, affirming significant emotional alignment from scenario-based adaptation without real-time sensing, was validated. The stressed (4.6 emotional fit) and focused (4.7 mental model resonance) personas showed high alignment. Hypothesis H2, concerning behavioral adaptation’s sufficiency in low-tech contexts and its complementary role in high-fidelity designs, was also supported. Critically, the boredom scenario (low engagement 2.9) highlighted that overstimulation without guidance can disrupt mental models, suggesting the need for refined hybrid adaptation logic. The findings confirm emotional responsiveness can be approximated via behavioral interface design, with hybrid systems offering dynamic fine-tuning. This framework introduces a vital “hybrid potential” for both substituting biometrics in constrained environments and augmenting them in high-stakes systems.
Functional MRI Training for Biomedical Physics and Engineering Students: Methodological Approach to Acquisition, Processing and Visualization
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) represents a cornerstone technique for studying brain activity and connectivity, yet its application in biomedical engineering education remains limited. The study’s object was the process of teaching and learning fMRI methodologies within biomedical physics and engineering education. The study’s subject was the methodological framework and practical module integrating acquisition, preprocessing, modelling, and visualisation of fMRI data for undergraduate training. The study aimed to design, implement, and evaluate a hands-on educational module that bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical competence in fMRI workflows for biomedical students. Based on a teaching internship, a practical module was designed and implemented for undergraduate students of biomedical physics, engineering, and informatics that covered the complete fMRI workflow. The module combined an on-site visit to a radiology centre, participation in a scanning session with a simple block-design task, and a hands-on laboratory focused on preprocessing, modeling, and visualization using open-source tools. A preconfigured virtual environment with FSL and standardized data conversion via BIDS/BIDScoin enabled a reproducible pipeline from DICOM to NIfTI/BIDS and downstream modeling in FEAT. Students practiced brain extraction, spatial normalization, model specification for block designs, and interpretation of thresholded activation maps in FSLeyes. Educational outcomes included improved understanding of neuroimaging pipelines, stronger operational skills with widely used software, and higher motivation for interdisciplinary research. This work proposes a methodological framework for integrating fMRI-based training into biomedical curricula and bridging technical education with modern neuroimaging applications.
Rationale for the Invariant Content of Physical Education in the Context of Inclusive Education
In recent years, there has been a dynamic increase in the number of students with special educational needs (SEN) in educational institutions. However, as evidenced by the analysis of scientific and methodological literature, anomalies in the physical development of such children remain largely unexplored. This significantly complicates the development of physical education curricula, hinders the effective adaptation and modification of existing educational programs, and prevents the creation of effective individualized development programs for students with SEN. Therefore, to address this issue, there is a need to study empirical data on the physical development of children with SEN and to justify the invariant content of educational programs for this population. During the 2024–2025 academic year, 103 children with special educational needs were examined. The study assessed the level of development of motor coordination, balance, fine and gross motor skills, as well as abnormalities in gait patterns, posture, and the structure of the lower limbs. In addition, medical records and comprehensive assessment reports from the Kremenets Inclusive Resource Center were analyzed. The collected data were summarized in tables, statistically processed using the IBM SPSS software, and visualized through diagrams. The vast majority of students with SEN exhibited deviations in the development of both fine and gross motor skills, as well as impairments in motor coordination and balance. Furthermore, there was a high prevalence of postural disorders, structural defects of the feet, and improperly formed gait patterns. An additional issue is the difficulty in perceiving educational content, particularly instructions and explanations for motor tasks. Based on the data obtained during the study regarding physical development anomalies in learners with special educational needs (including deviations in fine and gross motor skills development, impaired coordination and balance, postural disorders, anomalies in foot structure, and gait abnormalities), a conceptual framework has been proposed for the content of an invariant module within adapted and modified individual educational programs for learners with SEN. This framework encompasses instruction and application of exercises aimed not only at facilitating children’s social integration within the community, but also at enhancing motor activity and addressing the identified physical development deviations across all categories of educational difficulties.
Peculiarities of Manifestation of Paranoid Delusions in the World
The relevance of the investigated problem lies in several debatable issues that the psychiatric community is trying to solve, one of which is the definition of clear clinical criteria for paranoid delusions. Long-term studies of disorders of thinking, perception, will, motor activity, which cause the formation of false conclusions about the surrounding world, today do not provide a comprehensive answer to the causes of the distorted consciousness of an individual. The purpose of the study is the diagnosis and research of the limits of the manifestation of paranoid delusions, which develops in the context of a personality disorder. The main method used to study the features of the manifestation of paranoid delusions was the clinical-psychopathic method. To conduct it, psychometric methods, psycho-diagnostic methods, as well as clinical and statistical methods of data processing were used as an auxiliary research tool. During this empirical study of the patient’s personality, his intelligence, and cognitive abilities, it was possible to achieve results according to which the main criteria of a personality with manifestations of paranoid delusions were determined. Therefore, the main results of the study are the determination of the general regularity of the combination of mental and behavioural disorders, as a result of which a change in the clinical picture of the disease is observed. The general level of perception of the quality of life of patients with paranoid delusions was determined; a reasonably high level of suicidal risk; the reasons for the low level of social interaction in the professional and family spheres are revealed; identified determinants that increase depressive symptoms; the main behavioural strategies used by patients to interact with the surrounding people in the environment are presented. The practical significance of the materials of the article lies in the further successful correction of borderline states of mental illnesses in psychotherapy; in organizational psychiatric treatment; prevention and rehabilitation of mental pathologies.
Study of Thermal Rectification in a Bi-Material with Interfacial Inhomogeneities
Thermal rectification is a phenomenon of heat exchange that allows heat to be transferred in one direction to a lesser extent than in the other. The study of this process enables the control of temperature, energy conversion, and the creation of potentially new materials. Studies of the thermal rectification effect using nanofiber compounds are known in the literature, in which the heat flow causes different heat transfer in both directions by changing the operating temperature, and thus, in one direction, the connected structure plays the role of a dielectric, in the other — a conductor. In this article, the phenomenon of thermal rectification is studied based on a model of thermos-elastic behaviour of a bi-material with interfacial inhomogeneities. It is assumed that the interfacial inhomogeneities are filled with some substance and are characterised by a given thermal conductivity coefficient. It is demonstrated that inhomogeneities along the interfacial line of the bi-material result in varying heat transfer depending on the direction of the heat flow and the properties of the bi-material components. The phenomenon of thermal rectification for such a model consists in increasing the difference between the values of effective thermal resistance for two opposite directions of heat flow. It has been established that the lower the thermal conductivity of the inhomogeneities and the greater the density of their location, the more pronounced the phenomenon of thermal rectification becomes.
Digital Educational Tribes: Platform Algorithms and Students’ Academic Identity
This article analyzes the mechanisms shaping students’ academic identity in the digital age, with a focus on educational platforms as emerging spaces of socialization. It explores the phenomenon of digital educational tribes — informal student communities formed around algorithmically curated content on learning platforms. The study examines how services such as Coursera, YouTube, and Google Scholar influence the development of academic identity through individualized learning trajectories, self-socialization styles, and content selection. The methodology combines qualitative interviews and digital ethnography. Central to the analysis is the algorithm as a hidden socializing agent that structurally substitutes the educator in the learning process. The theoretical framework draws on Michel Maffesoli’s concept of tribal sociality, Danah Boyd and D. Marwick’s theories of digital identity, and the platform-based epistemologies of Manuel Castells and Shoshana Zuboff. The findings reveal that students engage not only with educational content but also with norms of communication, cognitive styles, and algorithmically structured logics of interaction. The concept of digital educational tribes is introduced as an analytical model of informal online communities where educational participation is structured not around disciplines, but through algorithmic content selection, knowledge aesthetics, and rituals of inclusion. The key notion of algorithms as educators allows for a reconceptualization of technological systems as agents of educational influence, replacing traditional academic institutions in the process of structural interaction. Based on qualitative interviews and digital ethnography, the study shows that students’ educational behavior is increasingly shaped as a performative identity oriented toward public recognition, aesthetic engagement, and communicative visibility. The article articulates a critical stance on the risks of fragmentation and the loss of worldview coherence in platform-based education. It proposes theoretical approaches for integrating digital educational culture into the academic context without sacrificing cognitive depth, analytical resilience, or systemic pedagogy.
self-presentation in educational environments
Shaping Brand Identity Through Metaphoric Connotation: The Case of Yves Saint Laurent
This article examines the role of creative metaphors coined by Yves Saint Laurent, the brand founder, as mechanisms in constructing the brand identity. Grounded in Conceptual Integration Theory, the study examines how Saint Laurent’s metaphorical discourse fuses conceptual domains such as fashion, art, love, freedom, and happiness to produce rich connotations that shape the brand’s self-presentation and emotional appeal. The study object is the creative metaphors of the founder of the YSL brand. The study aims to analyze metaphors through the lens of conceptual integration theory as a mechanism for constructing brand identity. The analysis reveals that these metaphors function not only as stylistic semasiological devices that generate emotionally resonant meanings, but are also powerful semiotic tools through which the brand encodes values and communicates its distinct identity. By blending conceptual domains related to clothing and fashion, as well as the core values of the brand and its target consumer identity, the metaphors construct emergent meanings that contribute to connotations that embody the brand identity. Expressions like “a pencil stroke”, “a passport for happiness”, or “the arms of the man she loves” construct a layered metaphorical narrative in which the brand is positioned as a source of aesthetic refinement, emotional transformation, and existential fulfillment. The connotative network associated with the brand’s identity and its underlying mythology encompasses the values of happiness, freedom, confidence, self-realization, love, individuality, as well as conceptual oppositions that resonate with the oxymoronic logic of the brand identity — such as complexity in simplicity and strength in femininity. Crucially, the metaphors articulate identity positions for the consumer, implying that engaging with the brand enables one to access internal states such as confidence, individuality, and romantic completeness. In this way, the brand identity is shaped through symbolic projection: the values encoded in the metaphors — creativity, elegance, sensuality, and freedom — are internalized by the audience as part of their identity narrative. By foregrounding the founder’s metaphorical imagination, the study highlights how brand identity emerges not only from visual design or product quality but from the symbolic and emotional universe evoked through language. The metaphors of Yves Saint Laurent construct a coherent and compelling myth for the brand — one that fuses cultural ideals with personal aspirations, thereby ensuring the brand’s enduring emotional relevance and symbolic power.
The Use of Innovative Technologies in ESP Instruction for IT Students within the Framework of Open Education
The article explores the integration of innovative technologies in teaching English for Specific Purposes to students majoring in Information Technologies. It argues that traditional approaches are inadequate in addressing the demands of the digital era. Therefore, the adoption of educational innovations is essential to ensure the relevance and effectiveness of English for Specific Purposes instruction. The subject of the study is the integration of innovative digital technologies and Open Education principles into ESP teaching for IT students. The object of the study is the process of teaching English for Specific Purposes to IT students in higher education. The study focuses on technologies that aligned with the principles of Open Education, including artificial intelligence and chatbots, virtual and augmented reality, learning management systems, gamification, and international educational initiatives — particularly the Collaborative Online International Learning format. The study employs a combination of methods, including theoretical analysis of scientific literature, policy documents, and empirical studies on ESP, Open Education, and digital technologies; comparative analysis of technological tools and pedagogical approaches relevant to ESP instruction; content analysis of open educational resources and platforms used in ESP; case study method for examining practical implementation of innovative technologies (e.g., AI tools, VR/AR, COIL); and generalisation and synthesis for formulating practical recommendations for integrating technologies into ESP curricula. The article emphasizes the importance of Open Education as both a philosophy and a methodology that promote accessibility, co-creation of knowledge, and flexible learning. Special attention is given to the SAMR model as a framework for the implementation of technology — from substitution of traditional methods to their complete redefinition. The author illustrates how these technologies can be used to create a learning environment focused on collaboration, critical thinking, and intercultural communication. The study also identifies the challenges associated with technology integration, including digital inequality of learners, teacher resistance, pedagogical inconsistency, and issues issues related to copyright and licensing. Despite these obstacles, the article highlights the transformative potential of educational technologies to enable personalized learning, foster global competencies, and enhance the authenticity and sustainability of educational programs. The article concludes with practical recommendations for further integration of innovations in the line with open pedagogy and the needs of the IT industry.
Collaborative Online International Learning
Analysis of Biochemical Indicators of Iron Metabolism in Primary Allogenic Blood Donors
Currently, there is a significant shortage of donated blood and blood components worldwide. According to WHO recommendations, an adequate and reliable supply of safe and high-quality donated blood and blood components can only be achieved through regular voluntary unpaid donations. The study aims to examine the main biochemical indicators characterising iron metabolism in first-time allogeneic blood donors, in order to subsequently use them as reference values for comparative analysis in scientific research, as well as for developing practical recommendations concerning strategies for recruiting and retaining first-time voluntary unpaid blood donors. The methodological basis of this study was a systematic approach, which allowed for a comprehensive study and analysis of the biochemical indicators of iron metabolism in primary allogenic blood donors. The results obtained were used to develop practical recommendations for the Blood Centre of the Armed Forces of Ukraine regarding the strategy for attracting and retaining primary blood donors who make voluntary unpaid donations. Based on mathematical analysis, a positive correlation has been established between the indicators of secondary metabolic disorders in the examined donors and the main biochemical indicators of iron metabolism in first-time allogeneic blood donors, which may be used as reference values in conducting comparative analyses in future scientific studies.
Determining the Impact of Street Art on the Urban Environment
This study examines the role of modern urban murals in shaping urban space and their impact on the social, cultural, and aesthetic aspects of the urban environment. It is noted that the beginning of the 20th century was marked by the birth of avant-garde ideas, which were also reflected in visual art. The article presents an analysis of some modern murals as an element of the urban environment. The main functions of murals as an element of urban development are determined. Locations where the placement of modern murals is appropriate are considered. Images of the most famous modern murals are presented, serving both aesthetic and motivational purposes. The primary types of influence of modern murals on the psychological and mental state of people have been identified. Modern urban murals serve not only a decorative function but also contribute to the spiritual enrichment of society, creating meaning and shaping the unique emotional atmosphere of the city. The main trends in the development of murals are considered. It is demonstrated that murals can convey national, social, or psychological significance, stimulating reflection and engagement with citizens. Examples of iconic urban murals are given, such as the patriotic murals “Ukraine Will Win!”, Khmelnytskyi; mural “Ukrainian Soldier Sewing the Flag”, Kyiv; “Beauty Will Not Tolerate”, Rivne; “Russia Is NEVER Here”, Kherson; “Defenders of Light”, Kyiv; “Hutsulka with a Laptop – Past and Present”, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine. The importance of integrating murals into the urban environment, considering aesthetic norms and modern urban design strategies, is emphasised. Key locations have been identified for placing murals that harmoniously blend with the architecture and provide emotional interaction with the space. It is concluded that urban murals are not only an essential element of art but also a tool of social communication, which contributes to the harmonisation of urban space and the creation of a unique city identity.
Management of the Business Enterprise and Its Integrated Development
The business enterprise is an object of management because it is being built and operates under the rules and norms established in the legislation of each country. The business enterprise can be also taken up as a subject of economy. The aim of the development is to analyze the peculiarities of the business enterprise, which is an open system made up of system-forming elements implying its integrated development. The methodical instruments used are based on several complementary approaches: a systematic approach and systematic analysis; a structural approach; a logical approach and a synergetic approach. Based on the principles of the systematic approach, we accept that the business enterprise is an “input-output system”. The “business enterprise” system are: production (business), financial and economic, juridical (legal) and social. The synergy between the constituent elements of its internal environment implies not only its integrity, but it is a major prerequisite for its successful integration into the external environment conditions.
Challenges in Determining the Contribution of the Operating System to the Formation of Competitive Advantages of the Enterprise
The purpose of this article is to outline the challenges in determining the contribution of the operating system to the formation of competitive advantages of the enterprise based on the application of resource-based theory. Due to the growing number of publications linking the resources and dynamic capabilities of operations management and sustainable competitive advantages, this article reviews and systematizes the concepts used in the literature to determine the contribution of the operating system to the formation of competitive advantages of the company. The main characteristics of the dynamic capabilities are considered and on this basis the main challenges in the study of factors and causal relationships at the level of the operating system of the enterprise are presented, with an emphasis on the way of choosing independent and result variables, and the determination of causal relationships. Future research in the field of operations management that addresses the outlined challenges could contribute to a more comprehensive and complete study of dynamic capabilities in operations function. The research would be useful both for researchers in the field of operations management and for practitioners looking for sources and reasons for increasing the competitiveness of the companies in which they work.
The Peculiarity of the Problems of Russian Administrative Jurisdiction at the Present Stage of the Legal System Development
This article discusses the results of the study of the problems of administrative jurisdiction in the Russian legal field at the present stage of its development. The object of the study was the administrative jurisdiction of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study was to determine the complex problems of administrative jurisdiction of the Russian Federation at the current stage of development of the legal system. To solve the tasks set and achieve the research goal, historical, comparative and logical methods of analysing the material and the results of individual stages of the study were used. The study used materials from leading Russian experts in administrative jurisdiction, such as V.A. Zyuzin, B.A. Strashun, O.V. Krivelskaya, A.S. Nazarova and others, as well as legislative documents, including the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Code of Administrative Procedure of the Russian Federation. As a result of the study, four main problems of the Russian administrative jurisdiction were identified and justified.
Features of the Transformation of the Budget of the Krasnodar Krai in the Period of the Pandemic for 2020
One of the most important tools for regulating social and economic development is the budget occupying a central place in the financial system of the state. With the help of budget funds, the levels of social and economic development of territories are levelled, financing of industries and spheres of the national economy is provided, budget funds are directed to the development of priority areas of economic development. The object of this study was the Krasnodar Krai budget for 2020. The study purpose was to analyze the features of the budget structure of the Krasnodar Krai during the pandemic in 2020. During the study, comparative, historical and analytical methods were applied, which helped to obtain the necessary analytical materials and evaluate them. Based on the study, it was concluded that the highest index in income during the pandemic was the tax on personal income and the lowest-the tax on mining. The Krasnodar Krai budget for 2020 received more revenue than planned. Consequently, there was a positive trend and a gradual increase in the revenue part of its budget.
Features of the Budget Management Sustainability of the Republic of Tatarstan in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic
The study of the problems of management and development of regional budget policy within the state is one of the most important in management and law. The Republic of Tatarstan is considered a specific subject of the Russian Federation in the economic and territorial aspect. At the present stage of development of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tatarstan has become one of the leading regional centres of investment in the field of science and business, where economic zones and industrial complexes are intensively developing. The object of this study was the budget of the Republic of Tatarstan and its statistical data for the comparison of 2019 and 2020. The purpose of the study was to identify trends in the budget of the Republic of Tatarstan during the COVID-19 pandemic related to budget management. The study concluded that Tatarstan, being a leader in the development of the socio-economic sphere, became one of the leaders in the Russian Federation in the development and implementation of its budget in the period 2015-2020, and also showed no obvious statistical signs of decline. Therefore, the experience of the budget policy of Tatarstan can be used to create algorithms for budget management in a crisis period.